Version 0.1 of a set of HSM unit tests, using the Python RPC API.

This is very incomplete.  Portions of it are still verbatim copies of
the PKCS #11 unit tests, and have not yet been pruned for relevance,
much less converted to the corresponding libhal tests.

1 files changed, 651 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/unit-tests.py b/unit-tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c441cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit-tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+LibHAL unit tests, using libhal.py and the Python unit_test framework.
+"""
+
+# If you think that some of these tests look like the ones in
+# sw/pkcs11/unit-tests.py, you're right: a lot of it is the same tests
+# performed on the same HSM, just via a different API.
+
+import unittest
+import datetime
+import sys
+
+from libhal import *
+
+try:
+    from Crypto.Util.number     import inverse
+    from Crypto.PublicKey       import RSA
+    from Crypto.Signature       import PKCS1_v1_5
+    from Crypto.Hash            import SHA256
+    pycrypto_loaded = True
+except ImportError:
+    pycrypto_loaded = False
+
+
+def log(msg):
+    if not args.quiet:
+        sys.stderr.write(msg)
+        sys.stderr.write("\n")
+
+
+def main():
+    from sys import argv
+    global args
+    args = parse_arguments(argv[1:])
+    argv = argv[:1] + args.only_test
+    unittest.main(verbosity = 1 if args.quiet else 2, argv = argv, catchbreak = True, testRunner = TextTestRunner)
+
+def parse_arguments(argv = ()):
+    from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    parser = ArgumentParser(description = __doc__, formatter_class = ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+    parser.add_argument("--quiet",      action = "store_true",          help = "suppress chatter")
+    parser.add_argument("--wheel-pin",  default = "fnord",              help = "PIN for wheel user")
+    parser.add_argument("--so-pin",     default = "fnord",              help = "PIN for security officer")
+    parser.add_argument("--user-pin",   default = "fnord",              help = "PIN for normal user")
+    parser.add_argument("--all-tests",  action = "store_true",          help = "enable tests usually skipped")
+    parser.add_argument("--only-test",  default = [], nargs = "+",      help = "only run tests named here")
+    return parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+args = parse_arguments()
+hsm  = None
+
+pin_map = { HAL_USER_NORMAL : "user_pin", HAL_USER_SO : "so_pin", HAL_USER_WHEEL : "wheel_pin" }
+
+def setUpModule():
+    global hsm
+    hsm = HSM()
+
+
+def tearDownModule():
+    hsm.logout_all()
+    #hsm.close()
+
+
+# Subclass a few bits of unittest to add timing reports for individual tests.
+
+class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestCase, self).setUp()
+        self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.endTime = datetime.datetime.now()
+        super(TestCase, self).tearDown()
+
+class TextTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult):
+
+    def addSuccess(self, test):
+        if self.showAll and hasattr(test, "startTime") and hasattr(test, "endTime"):
+            self.stream.write("runtime {} ... ".format(test.endTime - test.startTime))
+            self.stream.flush()
+        super(TextTestResult, self).addSuccess(test)
+
+class TextTestRunner(unittest.TextTestRunner):
+    resultclass = TextTestResult
+
+
+# Tests below here
+
+
+class TestBasic(TestCase):
+    """
+    Test basic functions that don't involve keys, digests, or PINs.
+    """
+
+    def test_get_version(self):
+        "Test whether get_version() works"
+        version = hsm.get_version()
+        # Might want to inspect the result here
+        self.assertIsInstance(version, int)
+
+    def test_get_random(self):
+        "Test whether get_random() works"
+        length = 32
+        random = hsm.get_random(length)
+        self.assertIsInstance(random, str)
+        self.assertEqual(length, len(random))
+
+
+@unittest.skip("Slow")
+class TestPIN(TestCase):
+    """
+    Test functions involving PINs.
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        hsm.logout_all()
+        super(TestPIN, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        super(TestPIN, self).tearDown()
+        hsm.logout_all()
+
+    def test_is_logged_in(self):
+        "Test whether is_logged_in() returns correct exception when not logged in"
+        for user in pin_map:
+            self.assertRaises(HAL_ERROR_FORBIDDEN, hsm.is_logged_in, user)
+
+    def login_logout(self, user):
+        pin = getattr(args, pin_map[user])
+        hsm.login(user, pin)
+        hsm.is_logged_in(user)
+        hsm.logout()
+
+    def test_login_wheel(self):
+        self.login_logout(HAL_USER_WHEEL)
+
+    def test_login_so(self):
+        self.login_logout(HAL_USER_SO)
+
+    def test_login_user(self):
+        self.login_logout(HAL_USER_NORMAL)
+
+    # Eventually we will want a test of set_in(), probably under a
+    # @unittest.skipUnless to prevent it from being run unless the
+    # user requests it.  Punt that one for the moment.
+
+
+class TestDigest(TestCase):
+    """
+    Test digest/HMAC functions.
+    """
+
+    # Should use NIST test vectors, this is just a placeholder.
+
+    def test_basic_hash(self):
+        h = hsm.hash_initialize(HAL_DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA256)
+        h.update("Hi, Mom")
+        h.finalize()
+
+    def test_basic_hmac(self):
+        h = hsm.hash_initialize(HAL_DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA256, key = "secret")
+        h.update("Hi, Dad")
+        h.finalize()
+
+
+# Will need something to test for pkey access when not logged in
+# properly (ie, test that we get an appropriate exception under a long
+# list of screwy conditions and that we don't get it under another
+# long list of screwy conditions, due to the PKCS #11 compatible
+# access check semantics).  Defer for now.
+
+
+class TestPKey(TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests involving keys.
+    """
+
+    oid_p256 = "".join(chr(i) for i in (0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07))
+    oid_p384 = "".join(chr(i) for i in (0x06, 0x05, 0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x22))
+    oid_p521 = "".join(chr(i) for i in (0x06, 0x05, 0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x23))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        hsm.login(HAL_USER_NORMAL, args.user_pin)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        hsm.logout()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.k1 = self.k2 = None
+        super(TestPKey, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        super(TestPKey, self).tearDown()
+        for k in (self.k1, self.k2):
+            if k is not None:
+                try:
+                    k.delete()
+                except:
+                    pass
+
+    # Having all these tests in a single function kind of defeats the
+    # purpose of having fine tuned unit tests.  We're trying to
+    # amortize the cost of key generation over a series of tests, but
+    # maybe there's some better way to do that (deeper TestCase
+    # subclassing?), or maybe we ought to be doing some of these tests
+    # with canned keys.  Also see unittest.TestCase.addCleanup().
+
+    def gen_sign_verify_ecdsa(self, hashalg, curve):
+        hsm.mixed_mode = True
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        def h():
+            hh = hsm.hash_initialize(hashalg)
+            hh.update(hamster)
+            return hh
+        d = h().finalize()
+        self.k1 = hsm.pkey_generate_ec(curve)
+        self.k2 = hsm.pkey_load(HAL_KEY_TYPE_EC_PUBLIC, curve, self.k1.public_key)
+        sig1 = self.k1.sign(data = d)
+        sig2 = self.k1.sign(hash = h())
+        self.k1.verify(signature = sig1, data = d)
+        self.k2.verify(signature = sig1, data = d)
+        self.k1.verify(signature = sig1, hash = h())
+        self.k2.verify(signature = sig1, hash = h())
+        self.k1.verify(signature = sig2, data = d)
+        self.k2.verify(signature = sig2, data = d)
+        self.k1.verify(signature = sig2, hash = h())
+        self.k2.verify(signature = sig2, hash = h())
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_ecdsa_p256_sha256(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with ECDSA-P256-SHA-256"
+        self.gen_sign_verify_ecdsa(HAL_DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA256, HAL_CURVE_P256)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_ecdsa_p384_sha384(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with ECDSA-P384-SHA-384"
+        self.gen_sign_verify_ecdsa(HAL_DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA384, HAL_CURVE_P384)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_ecdsa_p521_sha512(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with ECDSA-P521-SHA-512"
+        self.gen_sign_verify_ecdsa(HAL_DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA512, HAL_CURVE_P521)
+
+
+if False:
+  class Wombat(TestCase):
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_ecdsa_p384_sha384(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with ECDSA-P384-SHA-384"
+        #if not args.all_tests: self.skipTest("SHA-384 not available in current build")
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(self.session, CKM_EC_KEY_PAIR_GEN,
+                                                        CKA_ID = "EC-P384", CKA_EC_PARAMS = self.oid_p384,
+                                                        CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA384, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA384, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_ecdsa_p521_sha512(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with ECDSA-P521-SHA-512"
+        #if not args.all_tests: self.skipTest("SHA-512 not available in current build")
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(self.session, CKM_EC_KEY_PAIR_GEN,
+                                                        CKA_ID = "EC-P521", CKA_EC_PARAMS = self.oid_p521,
+                                                        CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA512, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA512, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_rsa_1024(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-1024-SHA-512"
+        "RSA 1024-bit generate/sign/verify test"
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 1024,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-1024", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_rsa_2048(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-2048-SHA-512"
+        #if not args.all_tests: self.skipTest("RSA key generation is still painfully slow")
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 2048,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-2048", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_ecpoint(x, y):
+        bytes_per_coordinate = (max(x.bit_length(), y.bit_length()) + 15) / 16
+        value = chr(0x04) + ("%0*x%0*x" % (bytes_per_coordinate, x, bytes_per_coordinate, y)).decode("hex")
+        if len(value) < 128:
+            length = chr(len(value))
+        else:
+            n = len(value).bit_length()
+            length = chr((n + 7) / 8) + ("%0*x" % ((n + 15) / 16, len(value))).decode("hex")
+        tag = chr(0x04)
+        return tag + length + value
+
+    def test_canned_ecdsa_p256_verify(self):
+        "EC-P-256 verification test from Suite B Implementer's Guide to FIPS 186-3"
+        Q = self._build_ecpoint(0x8101ece47464a6ead70cf69a6e2bd3d88691a3262d22cba4f7635eaff26680a8,
+                                0xd8a12ba61d599235f67d9cb4d58f1783d3ca43e78f0a5abaa624079936c0c3a9)
+        H = "7c3e883ddc8bd688f96eac5e9324222c8f30f9d6bb59e9c5f020bd39ba2b8377".decode("hex")
+        r = "7214bc9647160bbd39ff2f80533f5dc6ddd70ddf86bb815661e805d5d4e6f27c".decode("hex")
+        s = "7d1ff961980f961bdaa3233b6209f4013317d3e3f9e1493592dbeaa1af2bc367".decode("hex")
+        handle = hsm.C_CreateObject(
+          session           = self.session,
+          CKA_CLASS         = CKO_PUBLIC_KEY,
+          CKA_KEY_TYPE      = CKK_EC,
+          CKA_LABEL         = "EC-P-256 test case from \"Suite B Implementer's Guide to FIPS 186-3\"",
+          CKA_ID            = "EC-P-256",
+          CKA_VERIFY        = True,
+          CKA_EC_POINT      = Q,
+          CKA_EC_PARAMS     = self.oid_p256)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA, handle)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, H, r + s)
+
+    def test_canned_ecdsa_p384_verify(self):
+        "EC-P-384 verification test from Suite B Implementer's Guide to FIPS 186-3"
+        Q = self._build_ecpoint(0x1fbac8eebd0cbf35640b39efe0808dd774debff20a2a329e91713baf7d7f3c3e81546d883730bee7e48678f857b02ca0,
+                                0xeb213103bd68ce343365a8a4c3d4555fa385f5330203bdd76ffad1f3affb95751c132007e1b240353cb0a4cf1693bdf9)
+        H = "b9210c9d7e20897ab86597266a9d5077e8db1b06f7220ed6ee75bd8b45db37891f8ba5550304004159f4453dc5b3f5a1".decode("hex")
+        r = "a0c27ec893092dea1e1bd2ccfed3cf945c8134ed0c9f81311a0f4a05942db8dbed8dd59f267471d5462aa14fe72de856".decode("hex")
+        s = "20ab3f45b74f10b6e11f96a2c8eb694d206b9dda86d3c7e331c26b22c987b7537726577667adadf168ebbe803794a402".decode("hex")
+        handle = hsm.C_CreateObject(
+          session           = self.session,
+          CKA_CLASS         = CKO_PUBLIC_KEY,
+          CKA_KEY_TYPE      = CKK_EC,
+          CKA_LABEL         = "EC-P-384 test case from \"Suite B Implementer's Guide to FIPS 186-3\"",
+          CKA_ID            = "EC-P-384",
+          CKA_VERIFY        = True,
+          CKA_EC_POINT      = Q,
+          CKA_EC_PARAMS     = self.oid_p384)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA, handle)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, H, r + s)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_reload_ecdsa_p256_sha256(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify/destroy/reload/verify with ECDSA-P256-SHA-256"
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(self.session, CKM_EC_KEY_PAIR_GEN,
+                                                        public_CKA_TOKEN = False, private_CKA_TOKEN = True,
+                                                        CKA_ID = "EC-P256", CKA_EC_PARAMS = self.oid_p256,
+                                                        CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA256, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA256, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+        a = hsm.C_GetAttributeValue(self.session, public_key,
+                                    CKA_CLASS, CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKA_VERIFY, CKA_TOKEN,
+                                    CKA_EC_PARAMS, CKA_EC_POINT)
+
+        for handle in hsm.FindObjects(self.session):
+            hsm.C_DestroyObject(self.session, handle)
+        hsm.C_CloseAllSessions(args.slot)
+        self.session = hsm.C_OpenSession(args.slot)
+        hsm.C_Login(self.session, CKU_USER, args.user_pin)
+
+        o = hsm.C_CreateObject(self.session, a)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_ECDSA_SHA256, o)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def _extract_rsa_public_key(self, handle):
+        a = hsm.C_GetAttributeValue(self.session, handle, CKA_MODULUS, CKA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT)
+        return RSA.construct((a[CKA_MODULUS], a[CKA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT]))
+
+    def assertRawRSASignatureMatches(self, handle, plain, sig):
+        pubkey = self._extract_rsa_public_key(handle)
+        result = pubkey.encrypt(sig, 0)[0]
+        prefix = "\x00\x01" if False else "\x01" # XXX
+        expect = prefix + "\xff" * (len(result) - len(plain) - len(prefix) - 1) + "\x00" + plain
+        self.assertEqual(result, expect)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_tralala_rsa_1024(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-1024 (no hashing, message to be signed not a hash at all)"
+        tralala = "tralala-en-hopsasa"
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 1024,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-1024", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, tralala)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        self.assertRawRSASignatureMatches(public_key, tralala, sig)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, tralala, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_tralala_rsa_3416(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-3416 (no hashing, message to be signed not a hash at all)"
+        if not args.all_tests:
+            self.skipTest("Key length not a multiple of 32, so expected to fail (very slowly)")
+        tralala = "tralala-en-hopsasa"
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 3416,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-3416", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, tralala)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        self.assertRawRSASignatureMatches(public_key, tralala, sig)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, tralala, sig)
+
+    def _load_rsa_keypair(self, pem, cka_id = None):
+        k = RSA.importKey(pem)
+        public = dict(
+            CKA_TOKEN = True, CKA_CLASS = CKO_PUBLIC_KEY, CKA_KEY_TYPE = CKK_RSA, CKA_VERIFY = True,
+            CKA_MODULUS         = k.n,
+            CKA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT = k.e)
+        private = dict(
+            CKA_TOKEN = True, CKA_CLASS = CKO_PRIVATE_KEY, CKA_KEY_TYPE = CKK_RSA, CKA_SIGN = True,
+            CKA_MODULUS         = k.n,
+            CKA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT = k.e,
+            CKA_PRIVATE_EXPONENT= k.d,
+            CKA_PRIME_1         = k.p,
+            CKA_PRIME_2         = k.q,
+            CKA_COEFFICIENT     = inverse(k.q, k.p),
+            CKA_EXPONENT_1      = k.d % (k.p - 1),
+            CKA_EXPONENT_2      = k.d % (k.q - 1))
+        if cka_id is not None:
+            public[CKA_ID] = private[CKA_ID] = cka_id
+        public_key  = hsm.C_CreateObject(self.session, public)
+        private_key = hsm.C_CreateObject(self.session, private)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        return public_key, private_key
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pycrypto_loaded, "requires PyCrypto")
+    def test_load_sign_verify_rsa_1024(self):
+        "Load/sign/verify with RSA-1024-SHA-512 and externally-supplied key"
+        public_key, private_key = self._load_rsa_keypair(rsa_1024_pem, "RSA-1024")
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pycrypto_loaded, "requires PyCrypto")
+    def test_load_sign_verify_rsa_2048(self):
+        "Load/sign/verify with RSA-2048-SHA-512 and externally-supplied key"
+        public_key, private_key = self._load_rsa_keypair(rsa_2048_pem, "RSA-2048")
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pycrypto_loaded, "requires PyCrypto")
+    def test_load_sign_verify_rsa_3416(self):
+        "Load/sign/verify with RSA-3416-SHA-512 and externally-supplied key"
+        if not args.all_tests:
+            self.skipTest("Key length not a multiple of 32, so expected to fail (fairly quickly)")
+        public_key, private_key = self._load_rsa_keypair(rsa_3416_pem, "RSA-3416")
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_rsa_3416(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-3416-SHA-512"
+        if not args.all_tests:
+            self.skipTest("Key length not a multiple of 32, so expected to fail (very slowly)")
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 3416,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-3416", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    def test_gen_rsa_1028(self):
+        "Test that C_GenerateKeyPair() rejects key length not multiple of 8 bits"
+        with self.assertRaises(CKR_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_INVALID):
+            hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+                self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 1028,
+                CKA_ID = "RSA-1028", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+
+    def test_gen_sign_verify_rsa_1032(self):
+        "Generate/sign/verify with RSA-1032-SHA-512 (sic)"
+        public_key, private_key = hsm.C_GenerateKeyPair(
+            self.session, CKM_RSA_PKCS_KEY_PAIR_GEN, CKA_MODULUS_BITS = 1032,
+            CKA_ID = "RSA-1032", CKA_SIGN = True, CKA_VERIFY = True, CKA_TOKEN = True)
+        self.assertIsKeypair(public_key, private_key)
+        hamster = "Your mother was a hamster"
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        sig = hsm.C_Sign(self.session, hamster)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA512_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, hamster, sig)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pycrypto_loaded, "requires PyCrypto")
+    def test_load_sign_verify_rsa_1024_with_rpki_data(self):
+        "Load/sign/verify with RSA-1024-SHA-256, externally-supplied key"
+        public_key, private_key = self._load_rsa_keypair(rsa_1024_pem, "RSA-1024")
+        tbs = '''
+            31 6B 30 1A 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 03 31
+            0D 06 0B 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 10 01 1A 30 1C
+            06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 05 31 0F 17 0D 31
+            36 30 37 31 36 30 39 35 32 35 37 5A 30 2F 06 09
+            2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 04 31 22 04 20 11 A2 E6
+            0F 1F 86 AF 45 25 4D 8F E1 1F C9 EA B3 83 4A 41
+            17 C1 42 B7 43 AD 51 5E F5 A2 F8 E3 25
+        '''
+        tbs = "".join(chr(int(i, 16)) for i in tbs.split())
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA256_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        hsm.C_SignUpdate(self.session, tbs)
+        sig = hsm.C_SignFinal(self.session)
+        self.assertIsInstance(sig, str)
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA256_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_Verify(self.session, tbs, sig)
+        verifier = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(rsa_1024_pem))
+        digest = SHA256.new(tbs)
+        self.assertTrue(verifier.verify(digest, sig))
+        hsm.C_SignInit(self.session, CKM_SHA256_RSA_PKCS, private_key)
+        self.assertEqual(sig, hsm.C_Sign(self.session, tbs))
+        hsm.C_VerifyInit(self.session, CKM_SHA256_RSA_PKCS, public_key)
+        hsm.C_VerifyUpdate(self.session, tbs)
+        hsm.C_VerifyFinal(self.session, sig)
+
+
+# Keys for preload tests, here rather than inline because they're
+# bulky.  These are in PKCS #8 format, see PyCrypto or the "pkey" and
+# "genpkey" commands to OpenSSL's command line tool.
+
+rsa_1024_pem = '''\
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+'''
+
+rsa_2048_pem = '''\
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+'''
+
+rsa_3416_pem = '''\
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+'''
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()