diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | hal.h | 60 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | hash.c | 180 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | modexp.c | 104 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | rsa.c | 22 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/test-rsa.c | 4 |
5 files changed, 238 insertions, 132 deletions
@@ -390,39 +390,33 @@ * MATH segment. */ -/* Modexp core */ -#define MODEXP_ADDR_BASE (SEGMENT_OFFSET_MATH + (0x00 * CORE_SIZE)) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_NAME0 (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + ADDR_NAME0) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_NAME1 (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + ADDR_NAME1) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_VERSION (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + ADDR_VERSION) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_CTRL (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + ADDR_CTRL) -#define MODEXP_CTRL_INIT_BIT (1) -#define MODEXP_CTRL_NEXT_BIT (2) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_STATUS (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + ADDR_STATUS) +#define MATH_CORE_SIZE (0x400) -#define MODEXP_ADDR_DELAY (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x13) -#define MODEXP_STATUS_READY (1) - -#define MODEXP_MODULUS_LENGTH (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x20) -#define MODEXP_EXPONENT_LENGTH (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x21) -#define MODEXP_LENGTH (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x22) - -#define MODEXP_MODULUS_PTR_RST (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x30) -#define MODEXP_MODULUS_DATA (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x31) - -#define MODEXP_EXPONENT_PTR_RST (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x40) -#define MODEXP_EXPONENT_DATA (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x41) - -#define MODEXP_MESSAGE_PTR_RST (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x50) -#define MODEXP_MESSAGE_DATA (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x51) - -#define MODEXP_RESULT_PTR_RST (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x60) -#define MODEXP_RESULT_DATA (MODEXP_ADDR_BASE + 0x61) - -#define MODEXP_NAME0 "mode" -#define MODEXP_NAME1 "xp " -#define MODEXP_VERSION "0.51" +/* + * ModExpS6 core. MODEXPS6_OPERAND_BITS is size in bits of largest + * supported modulus. + */ +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_BASE (SEGMENT_OFFSET_MATH + (0x00 * MATH_CORE_SIZE)) +#define MODEXPS6_OPERAND_BITS (4096) +#define MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS (MODEXPS6_OPERAND_BITS/32) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS (MODEXPS6_ADDR_BASE + 0*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_OPERANDS (MODEXPS6_ADDR_BASE + 4*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_NAME0 (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + ADDR_NAME0) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_NAME1 (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + ADDR_NAME1) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_VERSION (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + ADDR_VERSION) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_CTRL (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + ADDR_CTRL) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_STATUS (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + ADDR_STATUS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODE (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + 0x10) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODULUS_WIDTH (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + 0x11) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_EXPONENT_WIDTH (MODEXPS6_ADDR_REGISTERS + 0x12) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODULUS (MODEXPS6_ADDR_OPERANDS + 0*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_MESSAGE (MODEXPS6_ADDR_OPERANDS + 1*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_EXPONENT (MODEXPS6_ADDR_OPERANDS + 2*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_ADDR_RESULT (MODEXPS6_ADDR_OPERANDS + 3*MODEXPS6_OPERAND_WORDS) +#define MODEXPS6_NAME0 "mode" +#define MODEXPS6_NAME1 "xps6" +#define MODEXPS6_VERSION "0.10" /* * C API error codes. Defined in this form so we can keep the tokens @@ -525,6 +519,7 @@ typedef struct { const uint8_t * const digest_algorithm_id; size_t digest_algorithm_id_length; const hal_hash_driver_t *driver; + unsigned can_restore_state : 1; } hal_hash_descriptor_t; /* @@ -574,6 +569,9 @@ extern hal_error_t hal_hmac_update(hal_hmac_state_t *state, extern hal_error_t hal_hmac_finalize(hal_hmac_state_t *state, uint8_t *hmac, const size_t length); +extern void hal_hash_cleanup(hal_hash_state_t **state); + +extern void hal_hmac_cleanup(hal_hmac_state_t **state); /* * AES key wrap functions. @@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ struct hal_hash_driver { }; /* - * Hash state. + * Hash state. For now we assume that the only core state we need to + * save and restore is the current digest value. */ struct hal_hash_state { @@ -84,11 +85,15 @@ struct hal_hash_state { const hal_hash_driver_t *driver; uint64_t msg_length_high; /* Total data hashed in this message */ uint64_t msg_length_low; /* (128 bits in SHA-512 cases) */ - uint8_t block[HAL_MAX_HASH_BLOCK_LENGTH]; /* Block we're accumulating */ + uint8_t block[HAL_MAX_HASH_BLOCK_LENGTH], /* Block we're accumulating */ + core_state[HAL_MAX_HASH_DIGEST_LENGTH]; /* Saved core state */ size_t block_used; /* How much of the block we've used */ unsigned block_count; /* Blocks sent */ + unsigned flags; }; +#define STATE_FLAG_STATE_ALLOCATED 0x1 /* State buffer dynamically allocated */ + /* * HMAC state. Right now this just holds the key block and a hash * context; if and when we figure out how PCLSR the hash cores, we @@ -185,42 +190,42 @@ const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha1[1] = {{ SHA1_BLOCK_LEN, SHA1_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha1, sizeof(dalgid_sha1), - &sha1_driver + &sha1_driver, 0 }}; const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha256[1] = {{ SHA256_BLOCK_LEN, SHA256_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha256, sizeof(dalgid_sha256), - &sha256_driver + &sha256_driver, 1 }}; const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha512_224[1] = {{ SHA512_BLOCK_LEN, SHA512_224_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha512_224, sizeof(dalgid_sha512_224), - &sha512_224_driver + &sha512_224_driver, 0 }}; const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha512_256[1] = {{ SHA512_BLOCK_LEN, SHA512_256_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha512_256, sizeof(dalgid_sha512_256), - &sha512_256_driver + &sha512_256_driver, 0 }}; const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha384[1] = {{ SHA512_BLOCK_LEN, SHA384_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha384, sizeof(dalgid_sha384), - &sha384_driver + &sha384_driver, 0 }}; const hal_hash_descriptor_t hal_hash_sha512[1] = {{ SHA512_BLOCK_LEN, SHA512_DIGEST_LEN, sizeof(hal_hash_state_t), sizeof(hal_hmac_state_t), dalgid_sha512, sizeof(dalgid_sha512), - &sha512_driver + &sha512_driver, 0 }}; /* @@ -274,13 +279,21 @@ hal_error_t hal_hash_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, const hal_hash_driver_t * const driver = check_driver(descriptor); hal_hash_state_t *state = state_buffer; - if (driver == NULL || state == NULL || state_ == NULL || - state_length < descriptor->hash_state_length) + if (driver == NULL || state_ == NULL) + return HAL_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS; + + if (state_buffer != NULL && state_length < descriptor->hash_state_length) return HAL_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS; + if (state_buffer == NULL && (state = malloc(descriptor->hash_state_length)) == NULL) + return HAL_ERROR_ALLOCATION_FAILURE; + memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state)); state->descriptor = descriptor; state->driver = driver; + + if (state_buffer == NULL) + state->flags |= STATE_FLAG_STATE_ALLOCATED; *state_ = state; @@ -288,6 +301,62 @@ hal_error_t hal_hash_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, } /* + * Clean up hash state. No-op unless memory was dynamically allocated. + */ + +void hal_hash_cleanup(hal_hash_state_t **state_) +{ + if (state_ == NULL) + return; + + hal_hash_state_t *state = *state_; + + if (state == NULL || (state->flags & STATE_FLAG_STATE_ALLOCATED) == 0) + return; + + memset(state, 0, state->descriptor->hash_state_length); + free(state); + *state_ = NULL; +} + +/* + * Read hash result from core. At least for now, this also serves to + * read current hash state from core. + */ + +static hal_error_t hash_read_digest(const hal_hash_driver_t * const driver, + uint8_t *digest, + const size_t digest_length) +{ + hal_error_t err; + + assert(digest != NULL && digest_length % 4 == 0); + + if ((err = hal_io_wait_valid(driver->status_addr)) != HAL_OK) + return err; + + return hal_io_read(driver->digest_addr, digest, digest_length); +} + +/* + * Write hash state back to core. + */ + +static hal_error_t hash_write_digest(const hal_hash_driver_t * const driver, + const uint8_t * const digest, + const size_t digest_length) +{ + hal_error_t err; + + assert(digest != NULL && digest_length % 4 == 0); + + if ((err = hal_io_wait_ready(driver->status_addr)) != HAL_OK) + return err; + + return hal_io_write(driver->digest_addr, digest, digest_length); +} + +/* * Send one block to a core. */ @@ -299,43 +368,38 @@ static hal_error_t hash_write_block(hal_hash_state_t * const state) assert(state != NULL && state->descriptor != NULL && state->driver != NULL); assert(state->descriptor->block_length % 4 == 0); + assert(state->descriptor->digest_length <= sizeof(state->core_state) || + !state->descriptor->can_restore_state); + if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "[ %s ]\n", state->block_count == 0 ? "init" : "next"); - if ((err = hal_io_write(state->driver->block_addr, state->block, state->descriptor->block_length)) != HAL_OK) + if ((err = hal_io_wait_ready(state->driver->status_addr)) != HAL_OK) + return err; + + if (state->descriptor->can_restore_state && + state->block_count != 0 && + (err = hash_write_digest(state->driver, state->core_state, + state->descriptor->digest_length)) != HAL_OK) + return err; + + if ((err = hal_io_write(state->driver->block_addr, state->block, + state->descriptor->block_length)) != HAL_OK) return err; ctrl_cmd[0] = ctrl_cmd[1] = ctrl_cmd[2] = 0; ctrl_cmd[3] = state->block_count == 0 ? CTRL_INIT : CTRL_NEXT; ctrl_cmd[3] |= state->driver->ctrl_mode; - /* - * Not sure why we're waiting for ready here, but it's what the old - * (read: tested) code did, so keep that behavior for now. - */ - if ((err = hal_io_write(state->driver->ctrl_addr, ctrl_cmd, sizeof(ctrl_cmd))) != HAL_OK) return err; - return hal_io_wait_valid(state->driver->status_addr); -} - -/* - * Read hash result from core. - */ - -static hal_error_t hash_read_digest(const hal_hash_driver_t * const driver, - uint8_t *digest, - const size_t digest_length) -{ - hal_error_t err; - - assert(digest != NULL && digest_length % 4 == 0); - - if ((err = hal_io_wait_valid(driver->status_addr)) != HAL_OK) + if (state->descriptor->can_restore_state && + (err = hash_read_digest(state->driver, state->core_state, + state->descriptor->digest_length)) != HAL_OK) return err; - return hal_io_read(driver->digest_addr, digest, digest_length); + return hal_io_wait_valid(state->driver->status_addr); } /* @@ -483,14 +547,20 @@ hal_error_t hal_hmac_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, { const hal_hash_driver_t * const driver = check_driver(descriptor); hal_hmac_state_t *state = state_buffer; - hal_hash_state_t *h = NULL; hal_error_t err; int i; - if (descriptor == NULL || driver == NULL || state == NULL || state_ == NULL || - state_length < descriptor->hmac_state_length) + if (descriptor == NULL || driver == NULL || state_ == NULL) return HAL_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS; + if (state_buffer != NULL && state_length < descriptor->hmac_state_length) + return HAL_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS; + + if (state_buffer == NULL && (state = malloc(descriptor->hmac_state_length)) == NULL) + return HAL_ERROR_ALLOCATION_FAILURE; + + hal_hash_state_t *h = &state->hash_state; + assert(descriptor->block_length <= sizeof(state->keybuf)); #if 0 @@ -505,7 +575,10 @@ hal_error_t hal_hmac_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, if ((err = hal_hash_initialize(descriptor, &h, &state->hash_state, sizeof(state->hash_state))) != HAL_OK) - return err; + goto fail; + + if (state_buffer == NULL) + h->flags |= STATE_FLAG_STATE_ALLOCATED; /* * If the supplied HMAC key is longer than the hash block length, we @@ -522,7 +595,7 @@ hal_error_t hal_hmac_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, (err = hal_hash_finalize(h, state->keybuf, sizeof(state->keybuf))) != HAL_OK || (err = hal_hash_initialize(descriptor, &h, &state->hash_state, sizeof(state->hash_state))) != HAL_OK) - return err; + goto fail; /* * XOR the key with the IPAD value, then start the inner hash. @@ -532,7 +605,7 @@ hal_error_t hal_hmac_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, state->keybuf[i] ^= HMAC_IPAD; if ((err = hal_hash_update(h, state->keybuf, descriptor->block_length)) != HAL_OK) - return err; + goto fail; /* * Prepare the key for the final hash. Since we just XORed key with @@ -553,6 +626,35 @@ hal_error_t hal_hmac_initialize(const hal_hash_descriptor_t * const descriptor, *state_ = state; return HAL_OK; + + fail: + if (state_buffer == NULL) + free(state); + return err; +} + +/* + * Clean up HMAC state. No-op unless memory was dynamically allocated. + */ + +void hal_hmac_cleanup(hal_hmac_state_t **state_) +{ + if (state_ == NULL) + return; + + hal_hmac_state_t *state = *state_; + + if (state == NULL) + return; + + hal_hash_state_t *h = &state->hash_state; + + if ((h->flags & STATE_FLAG_STATE_ALLOCATED) == 0) + return; + + memset(state, 0, h->descriptor->hmac_state_length); + free(state); + *state_ = NULL; } /* @@ -91,60 +91,41 @@ static hal_error_t set_register(const off_t addr, } /* - * Get value of a block memory. + * Get value of a data buffer. We reverse the order of 32-bit words + * in the buffer during the transfer to match what the modexps6 core + * expects. */ -static hal_error_t get_blockmem(const off_t reset_addr, - const off_t data_addr, - uint8_t *value, - const size_t length, - const size_t io_len) +static hal_error_t get_buffer(const off_t data_addr, + uint8_t *value, + const size_t length) { - uint8_t discard[4]; size_t i; assert(value != NULL && length % 4 == 0); - assert(io_len >= length && io_len % 4 == 0); - - check(set_register(reset_addr, 1)); - - for (i = 0; i < io_len - length; i += 4) { - check(hal_io_read(data_addr, discard, 4)); - if (discard[0] != 0 || discard[1] != 0 || discard[2] != 0 || discard[3] != 0) - return HAL_ERROR_IO_UNEXPECTED; - } - for (i = 0; i < length; i += 4) - check(hal_io_read(data_addr, &value[i], 4)); + check(hal_io_read(data_addr + i/4, &value[length - 4 - i], 4)); return HAL_OK; } /* - * Set value of a block memory. + * Set value of a data buffer. We reverse the order of 32-bit words + * in the buffer during the transfer to match what the modexps6 core + * expects. */ -static hal_error_t set_blockmem(const off_t reset_addr, - const off_t data_addr, - const uint8_t * const value, - const size_t length, - const size_t io_len) +static hal_error_t set_buffer(const off_t data_addr, + const uint8_t * const value, + const size_t length) { - const uint8_t zero[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 }; size_t i; assert(value != NULL && length % 4 == 0); - assert(io_len >= length && io_len % 4 == 0); - - check(set_register(reset_addr, 1)); - - for (i = 0; i < io_len - length; i += 4) - check(hal_io_write(data_addr, zero, 4)); - for (i = 0; i < length; i += 4) - check(hal_io_write(data_addr, &value[i], 4)); + check(hal_io_write(data_addr + i/4, &value[length - 4 - i], 4)); return HAL_OK; } @@ -175,35 +156,52 @@ hal_error_t hal_modexp(const uint8_t * const msg, const size_t msg_len, /* Messa return HAL_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS; /* - * This insanity is a work-around for a current bug in the ModExp - * core: we have to zero-pad everything out to the size of the - * modulus plus 32-bits. Some kind of overflow issue. All of this - * "io_len" nonsense can go away once that's fixed. + * We probably ought to take the mode (fast vs constant-time) as an + * argument, but for the moment we just guess that really short + * exponent means we're using the public key and can use fast mode, + * all other cases are something to do with the private key and + * therefore must use constant-time mode. + * + * Unclear whether it's worth trying to figure out exactly how long + * the operands are: assuming a multiple of eight is safe, but makes + * a bit more work for the core; checking to see how many bits are + * really set leaves the core sitting idle while the main CPU does + * these checks. No way to know which is faster without testing; + * take simple approach for the moment. */ - const size_t io_len = mod_len + 4; - assert((io_len & 3) == 0); + /* Select mode (1 = fast, 0 = safe) */ + check(set_register(MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODE, (exp_len <= 4))); - check(set_blockmem(MODEXP_MODULUS_PTR_RST, MODEXP_MODULUS_DATA, mod, mod_len, io_len)); - check(set_blockmem(MODEXP_MESSAGE_PTR_RST, MODEXP_MESSAGE_DATA, msg, msg_len, io_len)); - check(set_register(MODEXP_MODULUS_LENGTH, /* mod_len */ io_len / 4)); + /* Set modulus size in bits */ + check(set_register(MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODULUS_WIDTH, mod_len * 8)); - check(set_blockmem(MODEXP_EXPONENT_PTR_RST, MODEXP_EXPONENT_DATA, exp, exp_len, exp_len)); - check(set_register(MODEXP_EXPONENT_LENGTH, exp_len / 4)); + /* Write new modulus */ + check(set_buffer(MODEXPS6_ADDR_MODULUS, mod, mod_len)); - check(hal_io_wait_ready(MODEXP_ADDR_STATUS)); + /* Pre-calcuate speed-up coefficient */ + check(hal_io_init(MODEXPS6_ADDR_CTRL)); - check(set_register(MODEXP_ADDR_CTRL, 1)); + /* Wait for calculation to complete */ + check(hal_io_wait_ready(MODEXPS6_ADDR_STATUS)); - /* - * ModExp core is not very fast (yet), so wait a long time for a - * response, but not forever. - */ + /* Write new message */ + check(set_buffer(MODEXPS6_ADDR_MESSAGE, msg, msg_len)); + + /* Set new exponent length in bits */ + check(set_register(MODEXPS6_ADDR_EXPONENT_WIDTH, exp_len * 8)); + + /* Set new exponent */ + check(set_buffer(MODEXPS6_ADDR_EXPONENT, exp, exp_len)); + + /* Start calculation */ + check(hal_io_next(MODEXPS6_ADDR_CTRL)); - int timeout = 0x7FFFFFFF; - check(hal_io_wait(MODEXP_ADDR_STATUS, STATUS_READY, &timeout)); + /* Wait for result */ + check(hal_io_wait_valid(MODEXPS6_ADDR_STATUS)); - check(get_blockmem(MODEXP_RESULT_PTR_RST, MODEXP_RESULT_DATA, result, mod_len, io_len)); + /* Extract result */ + check(get_buffer(MODEXPS6_ADDR_RESULT, result, mod_len)); return HAL_OK; } @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ */ #ifndef HAL_RSA_USE_MODEXP -#define HAL_RSA_USE_MODEXP 0 +#define HAL_RSA_USE_MODEXP 1 #endif /* @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ static hal_error_t unpack_fp(const fp_int * const bn, uint8_t *buffer, const siz * wrap result back up as a bignum. */ -static hal_error_t modexp(const fp_int * const msg, +static hal_error_t modexp(const fp_int * msg, const fp_int * const exp, const fp_int * const mod, fp_int *res) @@ -178,13 +178,21 @@ static hal_error_t modexp(const fp_int * const msg, assert(msg != NULL && exp != NULL && mod != NULL && res != NULL); - const size_t msg_len = fp_unsigned_bin_size(msg); - const size_t exp_len = fp_unsigned_bin_size(exp); - const size_t mod_len = fp_unsigned_bin_size(mod); + fp_int reduced_msg; + + if (fp_cmp_mag(unconst_fp_int(msg), unconst_fp_int(mod)) != FP_LT) { + fp_init(&reduced_msg); + fp_mod(unconst_fp_int(msg), unconst_fp_int(mod), &reduced_msg); + msg = &reduced_msg; + } - const size_t len = (MAX(MAX(msg_len, exp_len), mod_len) + 3) & ~3; + const size_t exp_len = (fp_unsigned_bin_size(unconst_fp_int(exp)) + 3) & ~3; + const size_t mod_len = (fp_unsigned_bin_size(unconst_fp_int(mod)) + 3) & ~3; - uint8_t msgbuf[len], expbuf[len], modbuf[len], resbuf[len]; + uint8_t msgbuf[mod_len]; + uint8_t expbuf[exp_len]; + uint8_t modbuf[mod_len]; + uint8_t resbuf[mod_len]; if ((err = unpack_fp(msg, msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf))) != HAL_OK || (err = unpack_fp(exp, expbuf, sizeof(expbuf))) != HAL_OK || diff --git a/tests/test-rsa.c b/tests/test-rsa.c index 0751189..46afa03 100644 --- a/tests/test-rsa.c +++ b/tests/test-rsa.c @@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) * Initialize EIM and report what core we're running. */ - if ((err = hal_io_read(MODEXP_ADDR_NAME0, name, sizeof(name))) != HAL_OK || - (err = hal_io_read(MODEXP_ADDR_VERSION, version, sizeof(version))) != HAL_OK) { + if ((err = hal_io_read(MODEXPS6_ADDR_NAME0, name, sizeof(name))) != HAL_OK || + (err = hal_io_read(MODEXPS6_ADDR_VERSION, version, sizeof(version))) != HAL_OK) { printf("Initialization failed: %s\n", hal_error_string(err)); return 1; } |