aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/rtl/bench
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorPavel V. Shatov (Meister) <meisterpaul1@yandex.ru>2020-01-21 15:46:06 +0300
committerPavel V. Shatov (Meister) <meisterpaul1@yandex.ru>2020-01-22 14:32:23 +0300
commitfbf287f57879678fe8cf4a74e07e72ca5c7b153b (patch)
treedd3f7b0182e543023306d152b2b15cba81bb17e3 /rtl/bench
parentd6f47a422d1e41edb7b25b83e81931a19efd7ff0 (diff)
This commit turns off the "equivalent_register_removal" setting for XST.
Okay, here's the story. Xilinx synthesis tool ("XST") is smart in the sense, that it detects all the registers with equivalent behaviour and then removes all of them, but one, and connects all loads to this one flip-flop. This works fine most of the time and usually even saves some resources, but for our particular design it was starting to cause just too many problems. The reason is that ModExp* cores exploit the parallel nature of an FPGA, for example, the ModExpNG instantiates four copies of the modular multiplier internally. Those multipliers all operate the same way (but on different data, of course), so all their internal signals such as, say, clock enables and word counters are the same. XST happily throws away all the internals from three multipliers, leaves only one instance of control signals and then the map and place&route tools start struggling for hours fusing this all together. Turning off equivalent register removal entirely leads to excessive resource consumption, so the optimal solution would be to selectively turn it off only for those tricky places where several copies of control signals are actually required to meet timing. The problem is that according to Xilinx' docs (UG687 v14.5, p. 363) "quivalent_register_removal = no" inline constraint can be applied to entire modules, not only individual registers, but I was unable to get this to work, XST seems to just ignore it. This may have been fixed in Vivado though, haven't tried yet. Another potential solution is to prepend every register declaration inside the modular multiplier with this constraint, but that would look just ugly. One trick I've seen somewhere is to `define a new 'keep_equivalent_reg' "keyword" to be '"quivalent_register_removal = no" reg' and tweak register declarations accordingly, that seems to looks somewhat less ugly, don't know. Yet another way around might be to use the "max_fanout" constraint instead. Say there're eight DSP slices per multiplier (thirty two DSP slices total since there're four multiplier instances). In theory we can constrain their clock enable fanout to not exceed 8. The problem is that XST will first throw away three of the clock enables, and then gradually add them back to limit each clock enable fanout to 8. This way there's no guarantee, that the first clock enable will be routed to all the eight DSP slices in the first multiplier, it can be routed to DSP slices in the three remaining multipliers as well, since XST will try to just limit the fanout. It's difficult to predict how the place&route tools will handle this. Anyways, the current slice consumption with 2x ModExpA7 and 1x ModExpNG is ~40%, and the timing situation is very good (the very first phase of place and route already has zero setup time violations, yay!). With global equivalent register removal turned on, utilization drops to ~35%, but timing is impossible to meet even on the highest map and place&route effort setting. I believe the best way forward is to just keep global removal disabled for now. We may revisit this in the future, say, if we decide to generate a custom dedicated RSA-only signer bitstream with as many core instances as possible. Then every register will count, but I suspect we won't get away with just re-enabling global equivalent register removal alone, likely some floorplanning will be required too at least.
Diffstat (limited to 'rtl/bench')
0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions